Kata sifat (adjective) adalah kata yang menyifati atau menerangkan kata benda. Berikut adalah beberapa jenis adjective dan contohnya dalam bahasa inggris :
A. Demonsirative (kata sifat penunjuk)
Definite: the, this, that, these, those, such, the same, the other
Contoh:
- You get the book.
- She likes this food.
- These apples are sweet.
- I buy that pen.
- Those pens are expensive.
- Andri likes collecting stamps. He loves such thing.
- In the library, he met the girl. Then, in the bus station, he met the same girl.
- They found a thief. Then, they looked for the other thieves.
Catatan:
Bentuk plural dari this adalah these.
Bentuk plural dari that adalah those.
Practice
Change the following sentences from singular to plural.
1. This is my book.
Plural = These are my books.
2. That is my sister.
Plural =………………………
3. This message is for you.
Plural =………………………
4. This chair is very comfortable.
Plural =………………………
5. This magazine is out of date.
Plural =………………………
Indefinite: a, an, one, any, a certain, some, another
Contoh:
I borrow a novel.
She bring an umbrella.
My mother give me one pencil.
I didn't meet any people at the school.
Dian likes a certain flower very much, namely orchid.
He bought some oranges.
They tried to find another consumer.
Catatan: a ditempatkan sebelum kata benda yang awalnya berbunyi vokal. Adapun an ditempatkan sebelum kata benda yang awalnya berbunyi konsonan.
Practice
Rewrite the following sentences with a or an.
1. I ate (a/an) apple.
I ate an apple
2. My brother gave me (a/an) book.
……………………………………………………
3. My uncle bought (a/an) old car.
……………………………………………………
4. The house has (a/an) door.
……………………………………………………
5. They are waiting for (a/an) early train.
……………………………………………………
B. Distributive (kata 'sifat distributif)
1. Each (tiap, setiap)
Rizal has two cats. Each cat has three kittens.
2. Each (masing-masing)
The books are ten thousand rupiah each.
Yuli gave the two boys a bar of chocolate each.
3. Every (tiap, setiap, tiap-tiap)
Every student wears uniform to school.
Every employee at the office can operate computers.
4. Each other, one another(saling/satu sama lain)
Each other digunakan untuk menerangkan atau menyifati dua orang. Adapun untuk menerangkan atau menyifati lebih dari dua orang digunakan one another.
Contoh:
Both mother and son love each other.
The people worked in the farm. They helped one another.
5. Every other (setiap dua ... kali)
They play football every other week.
My sister and I go shopping every other week.
Catatan:
Each dan every keduanya bisa bermakna “setiap” atau masing- masing. Akan tetapi, dalam penggunaan every, penekanan pada individu terasa kurang.
C. Quantitative (kata sifat kuantitatif)
1. Much/many: banyak
2. Little/few: sedikit
3. A little/a few: beberapa
4. Some: beberapa
5. Any: beberapa
6. Whole: seluruh, semua
7. A lot of: banyak
8. No: tidak ada
|
Countable noun |
Uncountable noun |
|
many books few books a few books some books a lot of books |
much sugar little sugar a little sugar some sugar a lot of sugar |
D. Interrogative (kata sifat tanya)
1. Whose (... punya siapa)
2. What (apa)
3. Which (yang mana)
Contoh:
Whose car broke down?
What bird is it?
Which dress will you wear?
E. Possessive (kata sifat kepemilikan)
Perhatikan contoh berikut.
My house Our house
Your house Your house
Her house
His house Their house
Its house
F. Of Quality
clever : pandai
dry : kering
fat : gemuk
good : baik
heavy : berat
far : jauh
tall : tinggi
high : tinggi
large : luas
dark : gelap
bad : buruk
useful : berguna
dangerous : berbahaya
(dan sebagainya)
Dalam membentuk sebuah kata majemuk yang menggunakan beberapa kata sifat, susunan atau letak kata sifat memiliki aturan tertentu. Salah satunya adalah sebagai berikut.
1. Size
2. General description
3. Age
4. Shape
5. Colour
6. Material
7. Origin
8. Purpose (e.g. walking stick, riding boot)
